abstract：:Is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) a reliable marker for cholinergic activity in the cat and rat retinas? To evaluate this question, radial sections, labeled for AChE, have been compared to sections labeled for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of each species, two lightly-stained AC...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Criswell MH,Brandon C

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects rated the strength of linear and rotary motion aftereffects (MAEs) on an eleven point scale. Inspection durations ranged from 30 to 180 sec in 30 sec steps. In Expt 1, trials using a single inspection duration were spaced at least 22 hr apart to minimize the possibility of interactions between adapting stimul...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Hershenson M

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an attempt to uncover the properties of the psychophysical spatial mechanisms which optimally respond to the vernier offset between two abutting lines, we investigated the effects of one-dimensional band-limited spatial noise masks superimposed with the target, on vernier thresholds. Unidirectional vernier threshol...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Waugh SJ,Levi DM,Carney T

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the performance of human observers to identify three-dimensional (3D) shape from motion induced by exploratory head movements. Subjects categorized 3D quadratic surfaces with randomly chosen shape but with a fixed amount of curvature in one of eight shape categories. Human observers had their best performa...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： van Damme WJ,van de Grind WA

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared a human observer's ability to locate the focus of expansion (FOE) of a radial optic flow field when this flow field was either combined with, or overlapped by, planar motion. With combined stimuli, in which the FOE was displaced in the direction opposite to the planar motion, subjects accurately located th...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Duffy CJ,Wurtz RH

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A considerable body of evidence suggests the existence of a two-stage mechanism for the detection of global motion. In the first stage the motion of elongated contours is extracted and then at the second stage these one-dimensional (1D) motion signals are combined. What is the nature of the computation carried out in ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Rubin N,Hochstein S

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied direction discrimination for lines moving obliquely relative to their orientation. Manipulating contrast, length and duration of motion, we found systematic errors in direction discrimination at low contrast, long length and/or short durations. These errors can be accounted for by a competition between ambi...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Lorenceau J,Shiffrar M,Wells N,Castet E

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The apparent motion of a discretely displaced complex waveform with a periodic contrast modulation or "beat" of frequency f and sinusoidal components of frequencies 3f and 4f was examined at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs). At short ISIs perception of motion of both the beat and an aliased component of the wave...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Hammett ST,Ledgeway T,Smith AT

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outline drawing often serves as an excellent depiction of a visual scene. Somehow, our visual system can form two- and three-dimensional percepts solely from one-dimensional contour information. In mathematics, contour closure plays a key role in bridging this dimensional gap, however in perception the link between...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Elder J,Zucker S

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In adult golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), the optic nerve was bilaterally sectioned with one side grafted with the sciatic nerve to make a bridge to the ipsilateral superior colliculus. Shuttle-box avoidance was tested using light as the conditioned stimulus. Three of the five transplanted animals revealed stat...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Sasaki H,Inoue T,Iso H,Fukuda Y,Hayashi Y

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of the putative "spatial filter" and "local sign" mechanisms in determining line vernier thresholds for a range of target separations, using stimulus contrast or visibility as a tool. In Expt 1, the effects of varying target contrast and exposure duration on verni...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Waugh SJ,Levi DM

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We measured the points of subjective equality of velocity for dynamic unidirectionally moving random-dot patterns with different amounts of transiency. The transiency was changed by varying the time a dot would move before being randomly replotted within the stimulus. The perceived velocity of patterns moving at inter...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Treue S,Snowden RJ,Andersen RA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amblyopic subjects were asked to memorize circles of different radii (2, 4 and 6 degrees), and then to reconstruct them monocularly with each eye, point by point (12 points per circle). The resulting two-dimensional maps of visual space showed considerable distortions, including expansion, shrinkage and torsion of spe...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Sireteanu R,Lagreze WD,Constantinescu DH

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In hyperacuity, as in many other tasks, performance improves with practice. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we measured thresholds of 41 inexperienced observers for the discrimination of vernier displacements. In spite of considerable inter-individual differences, mean thresholds decreased monotonicall...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Fahle M,Edelman S

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectral sensitivity and the spatial selectivity was studied both psychophysically and electroretinographically using the pattern onset-offset paradigm. All measurements were made under intensive yellow adaptation. The spectral sensitivity functions of both measures were in close agreement. They showed a peak at 4...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Korth M,Nguyen NX,Rix R,Sembritzki O

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A long-wavelength background can affect the appearance of an increment of light superimposed upon it in two ways. It can change the visual system's sensitivity to the increment, and it can change the appearance of the increment by directly adding redness to it. Through selective retinal-image stabilization, we evoked ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Nerger JL,Piantanida TP,Larimer J

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An analytical description of the point spread function (PSF) for human foveal vision, together with its closed form two-dimensional Fourier transform, the modulation transfer function (MTF), is proposed. It also possesses an analytical line spread function (LSF) counterpart. It fits to both PSF and MTF experimental da...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： IJspeert JK,van den Berg TJ,Spekreijse H

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Random-dot cinematograms comprising many different, spatially intermingled local motion vectors can produce a percept of global coherent motion in a single direction. Thresholds for discriminating the direction of global motion were measured under various conditions. Discrimination thresholds increased with the width ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Watamaniuk SN,Sekuler R

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Landing flights of pigeons were video recorded or filmed, and frame-by-frame measurements were made of the angle of the head relative to the horizontal, and of the position of the perch in the visual field. The angle of the head increases above that seen in free flight, to a value which is correlated with the trajecto...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Green PR,Davies MN,Thorpe PH

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The colors of Benham's Top [pattern induced flicker colors (PIFCs)] were matched with color stimuli provided by a computer aided color mixer. Subjects viewed a series of specifically modified black and white disks and matched the resulting subjective color with a comparison field containing the color generated by addi...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Schramme J

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Field spectral sensitivities of the pattern-elicited electroretinogram (PERG) were obtained from two subjects using a modified version of Stiles' two-color increment threshold procedure. A 540 nm checkerboard test pattern of 38 degrees dia was alternated at 8 Hz on a uniform adapting field of the same size. Test inten...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Wu S

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With strict fixation, a small uniform target of medium contrast, placed at 10 deg eccentricity, faded much faster when presented on a dynamic random noise background than on either a static random noise background or a uniform background of the same luminance. Time to first disappearance was between 10 and 16 sec when...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Spillmann L,Kurtenbach A

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A modification of the visual evoked potential (VEP) technique, first employed by Braddick, Wattam-Bell and Atkinson [(1986) Nature, London, 320, 617-619] was used to estimate the orientation selectivity of 3-month-old infants. The orientation-selective VEP was recorded in response to various changes in the orientation...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Manny RE

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several characteristic of aftereffects (especially the motion aftereffect) depend upon the square root of the time spent adapting. The same parameters are here examined for the contrast threshold elevation aftereffect. The time taken to recover is shown to be well predicted by root adaptation time (beyond a minimum du...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Rose D

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The change in sensitivity across some stimulus dimension which follows adaptation to a particular stimulus can reveal a great deal about the tuning characteristics of underlying sensory/perceptual mechanisms. In this study, a psychophysical adaptation paradigm was employed to characterize the disparity tuning of perce...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Stevenson SB,Cormack LK,Schor CM,Tyler CW

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eyespots in cells of streptomycin-bleached strains and of dark-grown cultures of Euglena gracilis, were examined by means of fluorescence microscopy and microspectrophotometry. When viewed with light in the region of 380-500 nm, the stigma appeared as a dark spot. Adjacent to this was a second spot, not seen with ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： James TW,Crescitelli F,Loew ER,McFarland WN

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presentation of different images to the two eyes normally results in a time-varying alternation between the two images (binocular rivalry). However, we find that when orthogonal gratings are viewed dichoptically at low contrast, a stable summation between the two images is perceived in the form of a dichoptic plaid. T...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Liu L,Tyler CW,Schor CM

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Light adaptation has been studied using both aperiodic and periodic stimuli. Two well-documented phenomena are described: the background-onset effect (from an aperiodic-stimulus tradition) and high-temporal-frequency linearity (from the periodic-stimulus tradition). These phenomena have been explained within two diffe...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Graham N,Hood DC

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual performance is greatly impaired when tested with heterochromatic isoluminant stimuli. It is thus concluded that the chromatic system contribution to many visual tasks is limited. We suggest that unless color and luminance are shown to be processed independently, such experiments do not demonstrate shortcomings ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Gur M,Akri V

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a model for recovering the direction of heading of an observer who is moving relative to a scene that may contain self-moving objects. The model builds upon an algorithm proposed by Rieger and Lawton, based on earlier work by Longuet-Higgins and Prazdny. The algorithm uses velocity differences computed in r...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Hildreth EC

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe an extraocular muscle (EOM) force transducer that provides low-noise signals from an alert animal for several months, is implanted without disinserting the muscle, and is well-tolerated by the body, and present results obtained with the device. The transducer can be used to study orbital statics and dynami...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Miller JM,Robins D

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal connections causing colors in Benham's top (pattern induced flicker colors, PIFCs) are investigated by psychophysical experiments. PIFCs are still seen when stimuli to different cones are demodulated selectively, indicating the involvement of non-opponent channels. PIFCs also occur on retinal areas next to tho...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： von Campenhausen C,Hofstetter K,Schramme J,Tritsch MF

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the effects of colour upon motion detection, the short-range motion displacement limit (Dmax) was determined using two-frame kinematograms in which the two classes of square comprising the pattern differed both in luminance and in colour. In the second motion frame, the squares retained either the same ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Morgan MJ,Cleary R

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The data made available by this experiment add two points to the information obtained by previous studies on eccentric vision and lateral masking. First, they demonstrate a clear effect of target-mask similarity on visual gap-resolution in eccentric vision: increasing target-mask similarity systematically decreases re...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Nazir TA

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the ability of observers to determine the direction of movement of a variety of colored plaid patterns. When the two plaid components are of unequal spatial frequency or of unequal luminance or chromatic contrast, observers judge the direction of movement incorrectly. These errors are correlated with ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Kool FL,De Valois KK

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three normal observers made visual matches from 0.03 to 100 td on a 10 degree central field at 445, 560 and 630 nm, using two different methods: heterochromatic flicker photometry and direct comparison brightness matching. In a relative sensitivity vs illuminance plot, the brightness matches underwent smooth changes, ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Vienot F,Chiron A

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A technique of multi-input systems analysis is used to explore the field topography of ERG responses to local luminance modulation. Variations in amplitude and wave form are studied within the central 23 degrees. Outside the fovea, the amplitude appears to follow a simple power law rx as a function of eccentricity r w...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Sutter EE,Tran D

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An intensive nonlinearity in the visual system can produce distortion products, or difference frequency gratings, when observers view two high contrast, high spatial frequency interference fringes of slightly different frequency or orientation added together at the retina. These distortion products are visible even wh...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： MacLeod DI,Williams DR,Makous W

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrophysiological studies have established that lead exposure produces selective rod deficits. The present electroretinographic (ERG) and correlated calcium experiments examined whether low-level or moderate-level developmental lead exposure (peak blood lead of 19 and 59 micrograms/dl, respectively) altered dark ad...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Fox DA,Katz LM

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the ability of human observers to discriminate the direction of laterally-moving cyclopean stimuli, in order to assess some of the properties of stereoscopic mechanisms that mediate the perception of cyclopean motion (motion existing at levels of binocular integration). The stimuli were moving ...

journal_title：Vision research

authors： Patterson R,Ricker C,McGary J,Rose D

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00